Identification and Quantification of Actual Evapotranspiration Using Integrated Satellite Data for Sustainable Water Management in Dry Areas

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a significant consumer of irrigation water and precipitation on cropland. Global regional interest in the sustainable management limited freshwater supplies to meet rapidly increasing population food demands has resulted advanced scientific research ET measurement, rapid accounting, schedules NENA region. The primary goal this paper compare actual daily evapotranspiration collected by remote sensing model validated Energy Balance (EB) flux tower field measurements. was installed wheat Sids Agricultural Research Station Beni Suef Governorate. Through integration Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra Sentinel-2 data, new sensing-based built two parties: Thermal condition factor (TCF) vegetation fraction (VCF). estimation evaluated using measurements from tower. land use cover maps were created assist interpretation remotely sensed data. Field data for five categories test accuracy maps: Water bodies (93 points), urban areas (252 trees (104 other crops (227 (249 total 925 ground points. Google Earth Engine (GEE) imported sentinel-2 datasets filtered necessary dates regions. From 1 October 2020 30 May 2021, processed transformed into Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), (NDWI), Built-up (NDBI), which then combined. composite layer classified Random Forest (RF) method GEE platform, results showed an overall 91 percent. validation factors revealed good indices when RS-based compared ground-measured ET. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 0.84 mm/day. ‘r’ ‘d’ values indicated satisfactory results, where yielded value 0.785, indicates that correlation between predicted reference robust. analysis d high degree (RS-based ET) (measured ET). found be 0.872. Between 21 November April accumulated 418 mm/season, while 376 mm/season. produced acceptable seasonal results.